One of the unique features of the northern plains of the Zanjan River Basin is the existence of waterways that flow in parallel in deep valleys; the presence of smooth and low slopes around the valleys indicates that the existing landforms are not well adapted to today's geomorphological processes and conditions. Deep and water-like valleys are located on low-slope plains. The geomorphological analysis of such plains and valleys is based on field investigations (the state of watercourses, wide and glacial valleys, wandering moraines and mixed glacial sediments), the interpretation of geomorphological evidence from topographic and geological maps, along with the reconstruction of past climatic conditions. The evidences reflected in the topographic maps and field studies indicate the lack of necessary conditions for the formation of a wide alluvial fan; While the digging of deep valleys has occurred in the heart of the old contiguous alluvial deposits that have covered the entire plain. Rivers such as Sohrin, Sarmsaqlo and Qarahcherian, with a significant catchment area in mountainous areas, flow in valleys with a depth of more than 100 meters outside the mountains, and sometimes they connect to Zanjan River by maintaining the difference in initial height compared to the surrounding areas. The results indicate the dominance of tectonic, alluvial processes (formation of vast alluvial deposits), changes in the base of Zanjan Rood, glacial and fluvial processes in the transformation of the northern plains of Zanjan Rood.